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| Course home > Nucleotide and Protein Residue Letter Codes |
Protein letter codes
| 1-letter code |
3-letter code |
Protein Residue |
Codons |
| A |
Ala |
Alanine |
GCT, GCC, GCA, GCG |
| B |
Asp, Asn |
Aspartic acid, Asparagine |
GAT, GAC, AAT, AAC |
| C |
Cys |
Cysteine |
TGT, TGC |
| D |
Asp |
Aspartic acid |
GAT, GAC |
| E |
Glu |
Glutamic acid |
GAA, GAG |
| F |
Phe |
Phenylalanine |
TTT, TTC |
| G |
Gly |
Glycine |
GGT, GGC, GGA, GGG |
| H |
His |
Histidine |
CAT, CAC |
| I |
Ile |
Isoleucine |
ATT, ATC, ATA |
| K |
Lys |
Lysine |
AAA, AAG |
| L |
Leu |
Leucine |
TTG, TTA, CTT, CTC, CTA, CTG |
| M |
Met |
Methionine |
ATG |
| N |
Asn |
Asparagine |
AAT, AAC |
| P |
Pro |
Proline |
CCT, CCC, CCA, CCG |
| Q |
Gln |
Glutamine |
CAA, CAG |
| R |
Arg |
Arginine |
CGT, CGC, CGA, CGG, AGA, AGG |
| S |
Ser |
Serine |
TCT, TCC, TCA, TCG, AGT, AGC |
| T |
Thr |
Threonine |
ACT, ACC, ACA, ACG |
| V |
Val |
Valine |
GTT, GTC, GTA, GTG |
| W |
Trp |
Tryptophan |
TGG |
| X |
Any |
Unknown |
- |
| Y |
Tyr |
Tyrosine |
TAT, TAC |
| Z |
Glu, Gln |
Glutamic acid, Glutamine |
GAA, GAG, CAA, CAG |
| * |
STOP |
Terminator |
TAA, TAG, TGA |
Nucleotide letter codes
| 1-letter code |
Meaning |
Bases |
| A |
Adenine |
A |
| C |
Cytosine |
C |
| G |
Guanine |
G |
| T |
Thymine |
T |
| R |
Purine |
A, G |
| Y |
Pyrimidine |
C, T |
| M |
Amino |
A, C |
| K |
Keto |
G, T |
| S |
Strong (3-H bonds) |
C, G |
| W |
Weak (2-H bonds) |
A, T |
| B |
Not A |
C, G, T |
| D |
Not C |
A, G, T |
| H |
Not G |
A, C, T |
| V |
Not T |
A, C, G |
| N |
Any |
A, C, G, T |
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Jul, 2009; ChIPseeqer, a comprehensive framework for analysis of ChIP-seq data developed in the Elemento lab, is now available for download. [More]
Apr, 2009; The BDVal program developed by the Campagne laboratory for MAQC-II is now available from http://bdval.org. The software supports the development and evaluation of predictive biomarker models from high-throughput data. The web site offers binary and source distributions. [More]
Jan, 2009; Twease now supports searching MEDLINE articles by Author, Journal, and Publication Year. Examples for performing these searches can be found in the updated Twease tutorial. [More]
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