Course home > Nucleotide and Protein Residue Letter Codes

Protein letter codes

1-letter code 3-letter code Protein Residue Codons
A Ala Alanine GCT, GCC, GCA, GCG
B Asp, Asn Aspartic acid, Asparagine GAT, GAC, AAT, AAC
C Cys Cysteine TGT, TGC
D Asp Aspartic acid GAT, GAC
E Glu Glutamic acid GAA, GAG
F Phe Phenylalanine TTT, TTC
G Gly Glycine GGT, GGC, GGA, GGG
H His Histidine CAT, CAC
I Ile Isoleucine ATT, ATC, ATA
K Lys Lysine AAA, AAG
L Leu Leucine TTG, TTA, CTT, CTC, CTA, CTG
M Met Methionine ATG
N Asn Asparagine AAT, AAC
P Pro Proline CCT, CCC, CCA, CCG
Q Gln Glutamine CAA, CAG
R Arg Arginine CGT, CGC, CGA, CGG, AGA, AGG
S Ser Serine TCT, TCC, TCA, TCG, AGT, AGC
T Thr Threonine ACT, ACC, ACA, ACG
V Val Valine GTT, GTC, GTA, GTG
W Trp Tryptophan TGG
X Any Unknown -
Y Tyr Tyrosine TAT, TAC
Z Glu, Gln Glutamic acid, Glutamine GAA, GAG, CAA, CAG
* STOP Terminator TAA, TAG, TGA

Nucleotide letter codes

1-letter code Meaning Bases
A Adenine A
C Cytosine C
G Guanine G
T Thymine T
R Purine A, G
Y Pyrimidine C, T
M Amino A, C
K Keto G, T
S Strong (3-H bonds) C, G
W Weak (2-H bonds) A, T
B Not A C, G, T
D Not C A, G, T
H Not G A, C, T
V Not T A, C, G
N Any A, C, G, T

News
Jun, 2008; Bioinformatics meets Alzheimer's disease research. Read about the discovery of the CALHM1 P86L polymorphism. The study appeared in the June 27th issue of Cell. [More]
Mar, 2008; A free bioinformatics walk-in clinic will be available every Monday, 1-3pm at the Weill Cornell Medical Library, in the Computer Room on the lower level. [More]

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Aug 25-29, 2008: Stanford University, CA - 7th Annual International Conference on Computational Systems Bioinformatics. Hosted by: Life Sciences Society [More]
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